物联网对可持续发展的影响
The Internet of Things (IoT) is currently trending with its ever expanding eco-system of digital sensors, appliances and wearable smart devices. Like other sectors, the role of IoT in sustainable development and environment protection will be crucial in the coming years.
物联网(IoT)目前正以其不断扩展的数字传感器、电器和可穿戴智能设备生态系统成为趋势。与其他行业一样,物联网在可持续发展和环境保护方面的作用在未来几年将至关重要。
Environmental degradation is occurring all over the world. Land degradation, deforestation and desertification pose a growing threat to food security and water availability. Widespread loss of biological diversity is undermining the productive capacity of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. This reduces access to essential environmental goods and services, including vital ecological processes such as water purification, nutrient cycling, control of pollution and soil erosion. Environmental degradation exacerbates the frequency and impact of droughts, floods, forest fires and other natural hazards.
环境恶化正在世界各地发生。土地退化、森林砍伐和荒漠化对粮食安全和水资源供应构成越来越大的威胁。生物多样性的广泛丧失正在破坏陆地和水生生态系统的生产能力。这减少了获得基本环境产品和服务的机会,包括重要的生态过程,如水净化、养分循环、污染控制和土壤侵蚀。环境退化加剧了干旱、洪水、森林火灾和其他自然灾害的频率和影响。
Let us explore how IoT is making a positive impact on sustainable development across different sectors.
让我们一起探讨物联网在不同行业中能够给可持续发展产生的积极影响。
1. 水资源管理(Water Management)
IoT enables understanding of changes in water quality of a particular reservoir. The connection of different sensors and monitoring systems help in providing the water level and flood warnings as well as foresee other disasters such as earthquakes and potential landslides in prone areas, assisting the civilians and authorities to take drastic action on such issues.
物联网可以了解特定水库的水质变化。不同传感器和监测系统的连接有助于提供水位和洪水警报,并预测易发地区的地震和潜在山体滑坡等其他灾害,协助平民和当局对此类问题采取严厉行动。
2. 农业(Agriculture)
Smart and adaptive irrigation and agriculture systems in which the soil water content and nutrients are continuously tracked and appropriate actions are taken on the reported deficiency or damage are also gaining huge popularity among the farming communities.
持续跟踪土壤含水量和养分情况,并对报告的缺陷或损害采取适当行动的智能和适应性灌溉和农业系统也在农业社区中广受欢迎。
3. 野生动物(Wildlife)
IoT also allow real time detection of animals. In case of any disease outbreaks, it will be useful for control, survey and prevention of such scenarios. For this, the livestock would be fitted with special chips (RFID) and readers would for placed in the designated monitoring spots.
物联网还允许实时检测动物。在任何疾病爆发的情况下,它将有助于控制、调查和预防此类情况。为此,牲畜将安装特殊芯片(RFID),读取器将放置在指定的监控点。
Applications like eBird helps the scientists in keeping tracks of birds as well as their habits and migration patterns. Systems that triggers alert on uncontrolled deforestation and potential wildfires can also help the respective authorities to protect and maintain the forests and its inhabitants.
像 eBird 这样的应用程序,能够帮助科学家们跟踪鸟类并观察它们的习性和迁徙规律。对不受控制的森林砍伐和潜在野火发出警报的系统也可以帮助相关当局保护和维护森林及其居民。
4. 海洋生物(Marine Organisms)
Overfishing and over- exploitation of aquatic diversity is endangering high-value species like salmon and cod. ThisFish, an internet tracking network in association with local bodies help to trace back the fish to the fisherman who caught it and the location through GPS readings and toll data. In this way bad fishing behaviors can be detected and stopped.
过度捕捞和过度开发水生多样性正在危及鲑鱼和鳕鱼等高价值物种。ThisFish 是一个与当地机构合作的互联网跟踪网络,有助于通过 GPS 读数和通行费数据将这条鱼追溯到捕获它的渔民和位置。通过这种方式,可以检测并阻止不良的捕鱼行为。
FishPal provides reports on the type and quantity of fishes caught on a daily and monthly that can be checked by the fisheries department and also informs suspicious fishing activities.
FishPal 提供每日和每月捕获的鱼类类型和数量的报告,可供渔业部门检查,并通知可疑的捕鱼活动。