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3D 打印建模软件

本文收集并介绍一些好用的三维（3D）建模软件工具，包括 FreeCAD、OpenSCAD、Tinkercad、Autodesk Fusion 360、SketchUp 等等。

FreeCAD​

FreeCAD 是一款开源的通用三维 CAD/MCAD/CAx/CAE/PLM 建模软件，既能用于机械工程与工业产品设计，也面向更广泛的工程应用如建筑或其他工程领域。它遵循 LGPL 许可证，这意味着你可以通过动态链接免费使用，并可用于商业用途。

FreeCAD 基本上是各种功能强大的库的集合，其中最重要的是 openCascade，它用于管理和构造几何体，还有 Coin3D 用于显示几何体，使用 Qt 将其放入漂亮的图形用户界面中，Python 提供完整的脚本/宏功能。

特点：

  • 支持 Windows、macOS 和 Linux 三大平台；
  • 可以通过 Python 模块导入控制台模式；
  • 支持参数化建模，脚本编辑和宏；
  • 具有丰富插件的模块化结构，如 CAD、CAM、机器人、网格划分、FEM 等；
  • 支持标准的 2D 和 3D CAD 通用文件格式，如 STL、STEP 等；
  • 文件类型为 *.fcstd，这是一种经压缩的文件容器，包含多种不同类型的信息，例如几何体，脚本或者缩略图标。

官方网站：FreeCAD

OpenSCAD​

OpenSCAD 是一款用于构建三维立体模型的软件。跟大多数 CAD 工具不同，OpenSCAD 并不是交互建模工具。它更像是一个2D/3D编译器，读取描述对象的程序文件，从中生成出模型。这样使得设计者能够全面控制模型处理过程，能够容易的改变其中的步骤，或者通过定义配置参数来进行设计。

特点：

  • 支持 Windows、macOS 和 Linux 三大平台；
  • 使用代码设计模型。

官方网站：OpenSCAD

Tinkercad​

Tinkercad 是一个基于浏览器的 3D 设计和建模程序，旨在为各种用户提供创建项目的方法。

特点：

  • 基于 Web 浏览器，无需安装；
  • 简单、易用；
  • 具有许多功能，不仅用于像自制外壳那样简单的东西。

官方网站：Tinkercad

Autodesk Fusion 360​

Fusion 360 是 Autodesk 推出的一款整合工业设计、机械设计和数字加工的 3D 建模软件，同时也是全球第一款基于云端协作的 CAD、CAE、CAM 以及 Project Management 的产品创作平台。使用 Fusion 360，用户不仅可以随时随地进行设计和仿真，还可以即时与世界各地的合作厂商进行实时检查和沟通。

特点：

  • 目前只支持 Windows 和 MacOS，不支持 Linux；
  • 融合了建模、加工、云端协作等功能；
  • 需要付费。

官方网站：Autodesk Fusion 360

更多参考：Fusion 360 教程

SketchUp​

SketchUp 是一套面向建筑师、城市规划专家、制片人、游戏开发者以及相关专业人员的 3D 建模程序。它用于 Google Earth 上的建模也十分方便。它比其他三维 CAD 程序更直观，灵活以及易于使用。基于便于使用的理念，它拥有一个非常简单的界面。

特点：

  • 支持 Web 浏览器版本；
  • 独特简洁的界面，可以让设计师短期内掌握；
  • 适用范围广阔，可以应用在建筑、规划、园林、景观、室内以及工业设计等领域；
  • 方便的推拉功能，设计师通过一个图形就可以方便的生成 3D 几何体，无需进行复杂的三维建模；
  • 快速生成任何位置的剖面，使设计者清楚的了解模型的内部结构，可以随意生成二维剖面图并快速导入AutoCAD进行处理；
  • 具有草稿，线稿，透视，渲染等不同显示模式。

官方网站：SketchUp

Wings 3D​

Wings 3D is an advanced sub-division modeler which offers a wide range of modeling tools and a customizable interface, along with a built-in AutoUV mapping tool, as well as export facility for common 3D formats.

However, despite more awesome features like support for virtual mirroring for symmetric modeling, Wings 3D provides no support for animation for its users.

Supported Platforms: Windows, macOS and Linux

Daz Studio​

A powerful and free 3D creation software, Daz Studio may not prove easy for beginners to use, but it does offer a feature- and functionality-rich user experience nonetheless. It enables you to create amazing 3D art with GPU-accelerated real-time rendering and photorealistic results.

Along with providing various features of Wings 3D, it also supports animation as well as scene buildings.

Supported Platforms: Windows and macOS

Open SCAD​

A free 3D-modeling software for Windows, Mac OS, and Linux, Open SCAD focuses more on the CAD aspects of modeling an object rather than the artistic aspect.

Unlike many others listed on this page, Open SCAD is not an interactive modeler but a 3D-compiler modeler that reads in the details of the objects to render their 3D models on the screen.

Supported Platforms: Windows, macOS, Linux and BSD

3DReshaper​

3DReshaper is an affordable and easy to use 3D-modeling software dedicated to the processing of 3D models.

It can be used in various fields such as arts, mining, civil engineering, and ship-building. It comes with support for various scripts and textures, and packs in lots of features for easy modeling.

Supported Platform: Windows

Creo​

Creo is a comprehensive system for mechanical engineers and model designers who create products using the direct modeling approach of 3D CAD. Direct modeling allows the creation of designs by existing designs or fresh ideas.

Hence, the changes to the geometry of an object can be made quickly and easily. This is a premium program but there is a 30-day free trial, and a free version for students and teachers.

Supported Platforms: Free Trial for Windows

NaroCAD​

NaroCAD is a full-fledged and extensible CAD modeling application. It is based on the OpenCascade technology, and supports both Windows and Linux platforms.

It supports both basic and advance 3D modeling operations, and can be extended through plugins and programming interface.

Supported Platform: Windows

DesignSpark​

Providing a design worksheet, DesignSpark allows the production of highly detailed 3D designs. It promises easy features to remove bottlenecks by making amendments and additions to your design as well as changing product concepts in 3D quickly.

It also supports direct modeling technique as well as 3D printing your models.

Supported Platform: Windows

FreeCAD​

FreeCAD is a parametric 3D modeler made primarily to design real-life objects of any size. It is easy to modify designs using the model history and changing the parameters.

The program is a multi-platform (Windows, Mac OS, and Linux) tool, and reads and writes various open file formats. It also allows the building of your own modules or embedding them in your custom-developed application.

Supported Platforms: Windows, macOS, and Linux

Sculptris​

Sculptris provides an excellent gateway into the exciting world of 3D. Its features are easy to learn, navigate and use, even for someone with no experience in digital art or modeling.

It helps take geometry concerns out of the design process, and will dynamically divide the model, better handling your computer’s resources.

Supported Platforms: Windows and macOS

MeshMagic 3D​

MeshMagic 3D helps in creating 3D rendering files, and drawing 2D objects or extending them to 3D. It’s an easy and intuitive 3D design software for users of multiple fields.

Although it currently supports only Windows, it allows the output file to be saved in the popular STL format, which can be opened and edited in various online and offline 3D-modeling tools.

Supported Platform: Windows

Open Cascade​

Open Cascade is a software development kit (SDK) intended for development of applications dealing with 3D CAD data.

It includes the special, community-developed C++ class libraries that provide services for 3D surface and modeling, data visualization and exchange and rapid application development.

Supported Platforms: multiple desktop and mobile platforms.