Model模型的实战操作笔记

1. 创建数据库和表(若是执行表迁移,可跳过下面操作)

  • 进入MySQL数据库创建数据库:mytest
  • 进入数据库创建数据表:myapp_users

    CREATE TABLE `myapp_users` (                          
      `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,       
      `name` varchar(32) NOT NULL,                         
      `age` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '20',     
      `phone` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL,
      `addtime` datetime(6) NOT NULL,                    
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`)                                   
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
    
  • 添加几条测试数据

2. 创建项目myweb和应用myapp

    # 创建项目框架myweb
    $ django-admin startproject myweb

    $ cd myweb

    # 在项目中创建一个myapp应用
    $ python3.6 manage.py startapp myapp

    # 创建模板目录
    $ mkdir templates
    $ mkdir templates/myapp

    $ cd ..

    $ tree myweb

    myweb
    ├── myweb
    │   ├── __init__.py
    │   ├── settings.py
    │   ├── urls.py
    │   └── wsgi.py
    ├── manage.py
    ├── myapp
    │   ├── admin.py
    │   ├── apps.py
    │   ├── __init__.py
    │   ├── models.py
    │   ├── tests.py
    │   └── views.py
    └── templates
        └── myapp

3. 执行数据库连接配置,网站配置

3.1 编辑myweb/myweb/__init__.py文件,添加Pymysql的数据库操作支持

import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

3.2 编辑myweb/myweb/settings.py文件,配置数据库连接

...
#配置自己的服务器IP地址
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['localhost','127.0.0.1','172.16.142.129']

...
#添加自己应用
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'myapp',
]
...

# 配置模板路径信息
TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'templates')],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]


...
# 数据库连接配置
DATABASES = {
'default': {
    'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
    'NAME': 'mytest',
    'USER': 'root',
    'PASSWORD': '',
    'HOST': 'localhost',
    'PORT': '3306',
}
...

4. 定义Model类

4.1 编辑myweb/myapp/models.py

from django.db import models


class Users(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age = models.IntegerField(default=20)
    phone = models.CharField(max_length=16)
    addtime=models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name+":"+self.phone

4.2 测试Model类的使用

在项目根目录下执行命令: python3 manage.py shell

[root@localhost myweb]# ls
myweb  manage.py  myapp

[root@localhost myweb]#  python3 manage.py shell
Python 3.6.1 (default, Jul 18 2017, 01:35:19) 
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
(InteractiveConsole)

>>> from myapp.models import Users

>>> Users.objects.all()
<QuerySet [<Users: 张三:12345678901>, <Users: aa:13456789023>]>

>>> s = Users.objects.get(id=1)

>>> s.id
1

>>> s.name
'张三'

>>> s.age
20

>>> s.phone
'12345678901'

>>>

 5. 实现Web端访问

5.1 编辑myweb/myweb/settings.py文件.做 ALLOWED_HOSTS 主机访问配置(若第三步已做可跳过此步骤)

    #此处添加自己的IP地址
    ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['localhost','127.0.0.1','172.16.142.129']

5.2 编写项目主路由urls配置,配置对myapp应用路由的访问连接配置


from django.conf.urls import include,url
from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^', include('myapp.urls')),
]

5.3 配置当前应用myapp的路由配置

在myapp应用目录下创建一个路由文件urls.py文件,注意此文件编码为utf-8(建议复制一个)。

编辑应用中的路由配置文件:myweb/myapp/urls.py, 内容如下:


from django.conf.urls import url

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', views.index, name="index"),
]

5.4 编辑视图文件:myweb/myapp/views.py,内容如下


#from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse

from myapp.models import Users

def index(request):
    try:
        s = Users.objects.get(id=1)
        return HttpResponse(s)
    except:
        return HttpResponse("没有找到对应的信息!")

5.5 测试

项目根目录下运行 python3 manage.py sunserver 0:8000 命令,开启服务:

[root@localhost myweb]# python3.6 manage.py runserver 0:8000
Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).

July 28, 2017 - 14:01:52
Django version 1.11, using settings 'myweb.settings'
Starting development server at http://0:8000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

打开浏览器,在浏览其中输入网址测试:http://172.16.142.129:8000

显示结果:张三:12345678901

继续上面操作完成Web版的Users信息增 删 改 查

1. 准备模板文件,创建模板目录

  1. 在项目目录下创建templates模板目录
  2. 进入模板目录templates,在模板目录下创建应用名myapp的目录
  3. 进入myapp目录,在里面创建一个users目录
  4. 进入users目录,在里面创建文件:index.html,add.html,edit.html,menu.html,info.html

5 设置模板目录信息:编辑myweb/myweb/settings.py文件(若第三步已做可跳过此步骤)

...
    'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
    'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'templates'),],
    'APP_DIRS': True,
...

2. 配置路由信息

打开文件:myweb/myapp/urls.py路由文件,加入六条路由配置信息

from django.conf.urls import url

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', views.index, name="index"),
    url(r'^users$', views.indexUsers, name="users"), #浏览用户信息
    url(r'^users/add$', views.addUsers, name="addusers"), #加载添加用户信息表单
    url(r'^users/insert$', views.insertUsers, name="insertusers"), #执行用户信息添加
    url(r'^users/(?P<uid>[0-9]+)/del$', views.delUsers, name="delusers"), #执行用户信息删除
    url(r'^users/(?P<uid>[0-9]+)/edit$', views.editUsers, name="editusers"), #加载用户信息编辑表单
    url(r'^users/update$', views.updateUsers, name="updateusers"), #执行用户信息编辑
]

3. 编写视图文件:myweb/myapp/views.py

# 注意:需导入from django.shortcuts import render

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse

from myapp.models import Users

def index(request):
    try:
        list = Users.objects.filter(id__in=[1,3,5])
        s = ','.join([vo.name for vo in list])

        #修改(将id值为5的age值改为30)
        #ob = Users.objects.get(id=5)
        #ob.age = 30
        #ob.save()

        #删除(删除id为3的信息)  
        #ob = Users.objects.get(id=3)
        #ob.delete()

        return HttpResponse(s)
    except:
        return HttpResponse("没有找到对应的信息!")

# 浏览用户信息        
def indexUsers(request):
    # 执行数据查询,并放置到模板中
    list = Users.objects.all()
    context = {"stulist":list}
    return render(request,"myapp/users/index.html",context)

# 加载添加信息表单
def addUsers(request):  
    return render(request,"myapp/users/add.html")

# 执行信息添加操作
def insertUsers(request): 
    try:
        ob = Users()
        ob.name = request.POST['name']
        ob.age = request.POST['age']
        ob.phone = request.POST['phone']
        ob.save()
        context = {'info':'添加成功!'}
    except:
        context = {'info':'添加失败!'}
    return render(request,"myapp/users/info.html",context)

# 执行信息删除操作    
def delUsers(request,uid):  
    try:
        ob = Users.objects.get(id=uid)
        ob.delete()
        context = {'info':'删除成功!'}
    except:
        context = {'info':'删除失败!'}
    return render(request,"myapp/users/info.html",context)

# 加载信息编辑表单    
def editUsers(request,uid):  
    try:
        ob = Users.objects.get(id=uid)
        context = {'user':ob}
        return render(request,"myapp/users/edit.html",context)
    except:
        context = {'info':'没有找到要修改的信息!'}
        return render(request,"myapp/users/info.html",context)

# 执行信息编辑操作
def updateUsers(request):
    try:
        ob = Users.objects.get(id= request.POST['id'])
        ob.name = request.POST['name']
        ob.age = request.POST['age']
        ob.phone = request.POST['phone']
        #ob.addtime = datetime.now
        ob.save()
        context = {'info':'修改成功!'}
    except:
        context = {'info':'修改失败!'}
    return render(request,"myapp/users/info.html",context)

4. 编辑浏览信息视图文件:

文件位置:myweb/templates/myapp/users/index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8"/>
        <title>用户信息管理</title>
        <script>
            //自定义执行信息删除提示判断,参数uu是成功的删除url地址
            function doDel(uu){
                if(confirm("确定要删除吗?")){
                    //网页跳转
                    window.location=uu;
                }
            }

        </script>
    </head>
    <body>
        <center>

            {% include 'myapp/users/menu.html' %}

            <h3>浏览用户信息</h3>
            <table width="800" border="1">
                <tr>
                    <th>id号</th>
                    <th>姓名</th>
                    <th>年龄</th>
                    <th>电话</th>
                    <th>添加时间</th>
                    <th>操作</th>
                </tr>
                {% for stu in stulist %}
                    <tr>
                        <td>{{ stu.id }}</td>
                        <td>{{ stu.name }}</td>
                        <td>{{ stu.age }}</td>
                        <td>{{ stu.phone }}</td>
                        <td>{{ stu.addtime|date:'Y-m-d H:i:s' }}</td>
                        <td>
                            <a href="{% url 'editusers' stu.id %}">编辑</a>
                            <a href="javascript:doDel('{% url 'delusers' stu.id %}');">删除</a>
                        </td>
                    </tr>
                {% endfor %}
            </table>
        </center>
    </body>
</html>

5. 编辑添加表单视图文件

文件位置:myweb/templates/myapp/users/add.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8"/>
        <title>用户信息管理</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <center>
            {% include "myapp/users/menu.html" %}

            <h3>添加用户信息</h3>
            <form action="{% url 'insertusers' %}" method="post">
            {% csrf_token %}
            <table width="280" border="0">
               <tr>
                 <td>姓名:</td>
                 <td><input type="text" name="name"/></td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                 <td>年龄:</td>
                 <td><input type="text" name="age"/></td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                 <td>电话:</td>
                 <td><input type="text" name="phone"/></td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                 <td colspan="2" align="center">
                    <input type="submit" value="添加"/>
                    <input type="reset" value="重置"/>
                 </td>
               </tr>
            </table>
            </form>
        </center>
    </body>
</html>

6. 编辑信息表单视图文件

文件位置:myweb/templates/myapp/users/edit.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8"/>
        <title>用户信息管理</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <center>
            {% include "myapp/users/menu.html" %}
            <h3>修改用户信息</h3>
            <form action="{% url 'updateusers' %}" method="post">
            <input type="hidden" name="id" value="{{ user.id}}"/>
            {% csrf_token %}
            <table width="280" border="0">
               <tr>
                 <td>姓名:</td>
                 <td><input type="text" name="name" value="{{ user.name }}"/></td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                 <td>年龄:</td>
                 <td><input type="text" name="age"  value="{{ user.age }}"/></td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                 <td>电话:</td>
                 <td><input type="text" name="phone" value="{{ user.phone }}"/></td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                 <td colspan="2" align="center">
                    <input type="submit" value="编辑"/>
                    <input type="reset" value="重置"/>
                 </td>
               </tr>
            </table>
            </form>
        </center>
    </body>
</html>

7. 编辑公共导航栏页视图文件

文件位置:myweb/templates/myapp/users/menu.html

        <h2>用户信息管理</h2>
        <a href="{% url 'users' %}">浏览用户</a> |
        <a href="{% url 'addusers' %}">添加用户</a>
        <hr/>

文件位置:myweb/templates/myapp/users/info.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8"/>
        <title>用户信息管理</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <center>
            {% include "myapp/users/menu.html" %}

            <h3>{{ info }}</h3>

        </center>
    </body>
</html>

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